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1 grammaticus
grammaticus adj., γραμματικόσ, of grammar, grammatical: tribūs, i. e. of the grammarians, H.—As subst m., a grammarian, philologist: grammaticum se professus: grammatici certant, doctors disagree, H.* * *Igrammatica, grammaticum ADJgrammatical, of grammarIIgrammarian; philologist; scholar, expert on linguistics/literature -
2 litterātor (līter-)
litterātor (līter-) ōris, m [littera], a grammarian, philologist, Ct. -
3 antisophista
antĭsŏphista, ae, m., = antisophistês, a counter-sophist, i. e. a grammarian who takes the opposite side of a question (only post-Aug.), Quint. 11, 3, 127; Suet. Tib. 11; so id. Gram. 9. -
4 Apollodorei
Ăpollŏdōrus, i, m., = Apollodôros.I.A distinguished rhetorician, teacher of Augustus, Suet. Aug. 89; Tac. Or. 19.— Hence, Ăpollŏdōrēi, his pupils, Quint. 2, 11, 2; 3, 1, 18 al.—II.A distinguished grammarian of Athens, author of a work on mythology still extant, Cic. Att. 12, 23; Macr. S. 1, 13.—III.An Academic philosopher, Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 93.—IV.A tyrant of Cassandrea, Cic. N. D. 3, 33, 82. -
5 Apollodorus
Ăpollŏdōrus, i, m., = Apollodôros.I.A distinguished rhetorician, teacher of Augustus, Suet. Aug. 89; Tac. Or. 19.— Hence, Ăpollŏdōrēi, his pupils, Quint. 2, 11, 2; 3, 1, 18 al.—II.A distinguished grammarian of Athens, author of a work on mythology still extant, Cic. Att. 12, 23; Macr. S. 1, 13.—III.An Academic philosopher, Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 93.—IV.A tyrant of Cassandrea, Cic. N. D. 3, 33, 82. -
6 Aristius
Ăristĭus, a, um, adj., name of a Roman gens, e. g. Aristius Fuscus, a learned poet, rhetorician, and grammarian, and an intimate friend of Horace, Hor. Ep. 1, 10 Schmid; id. C. 1, 22; id. S. 1, 9, 61; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 83, and Bähr, Gesch. d. Röm. Lit. 52, n. 7; Teuffel, Röm. Lit. § 249, 1. -
7 Aristophanes
Ăristŏphănes, is, m., = Aristophanês.I.A.. The most distinguished comic poet of Greece, from Lindus, on the island of Rhodes, a contemporary of Socrates, Hor. S. 1, 4, 1.—Hence,B.Derivv.,1.Ări-stŏphănēus or - īus, a, um, adj., Aristophanean:2.anapaestus Aristophanius,
Cic. Or. 56, 190:metrum,
Serv. Centim. p. 1818 P.—Ăristŏphănĭcus, a, um, adj., [p. 162] the same, Hier. ad Isa. l. 15, c. 54, v. 11.—II.A distinguished grammarian of Byzantium, pupil of Eratosthenes, and teacher of the critic Aristarchus, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 132; id. Fin. 5, 19, 50; id. Att. 16, 11. -
8 Aristophaneus
Ăristŏphănes, is, m., = Aristophanês.I.A.. The most distinguished comic poet of Greece, from Lindus, on the island of Rhodes, a contemporary of Socrates, Hor. S. 1, 4, 1.—Hence,B.Derivv.,1.Ări-stŏphănēus or - īus, a, um, adj., Aristophanean:2.anapaestus Aristophanius,
Cic. Or. 56, 190:metrum,
Serv. Centim. p. 1818 P.—Ăristŏphănĭcus, a, um, adj., [p. 162] the same, Hier. ad Isa. l. 15, c. 54, v. 11.—II.A distinguished grammarian of Byzantium, pupil of Eratosthenes, and teacher of the critic Aristarchus, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 132; id. Fin. 5, 19, 50; id. Att. 16, 11. -
9 Aristophanicus
Ăristŏphănes, is, m., = Aristophanês.I.A.. The most distinguished comic poet of Greece, from Lindus, on the island of Rhodes, a contemporary of Socrates, Hor. S. 1, 4, 1.—Hence,B.Derivv.,1.Ări-stŏphănēus or - īus, a, um, adj., Aristophanean:2.anapaestus Aristophanius,
Cic. Or. 56, 190:metrum,
Serv. Centim. p. 1818 P.—Ăristŏphănĭcus, a, um, adj., [p. 162] the same, Hier. ad Isa. l. 15, c. 54, v. 11.—II.A distinguished grammarian of Byzantium, pupil of Eratosthenes, and teacher of the critic Aristarchus, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 132; id. Fin. 5, 19, 50; id. Att. 16, 11. -
10 Aristophanius
Ăristŏphănes, is, m., = Aristophanês.I.A.. The most distinguished comic poet of Greece, from Lindus, on the island of Rhodes, a contemporary of Socrates, Hor. S. 1, 4, 1.—Hence,B.Derivv.,1.Ări-stŏphănēus or - īus, a, um, adj., Aristophanean:2.anapaestus Aristophanius,
Cic. Or. 56, 190:metrum,
Serv. Centim. p. 1818 P.—Ăristŏphănĭcus, a, um, adj., [p. 162] the same, Hier. ad Isa. l. 15, c. 54, v. 11.—II.A distinguished grammarian of Byzantium, pupil of Eratosthenes, and teacher of the critic Aristarchus, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 132; id. Fin. 5, 19, 50; id. Att. 16, 11. -
11 Arruntius
I.L. Arruntius, consul A.U.C. 759, Tac. A. 1, 13; 3, 11; 6, 5;II.prob. the same as the historian L. Arruntius, who composed a work on the Punic Wars,
Sen. Ep. 114, 17 sqq.—Arruntius, a celebrated artist under Claudius Cœsar, Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 7.—III.Arruntius Stella, a poet, Stat. S. 1, 2; Mart. 6, 21.—IV.Arruntius Caelius, a Latin grammarian, Diom. I. p. 307 P.; Prisc. III. p. 607 P. -
12 Asconius
Ascōnĭus, ii, m.: Q. Asconius Pedianus, a learned grammarian of Padua (c. A. D. 3-88), who devoted his studies especially to Cicero, Sallust, and Vergil, and whose valuable commentary upon five orations of Cicero is still extant; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. § 260; Weich. Poet. Lat. p. 274; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 290. -
13 Asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
14 asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
15 asperum
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
16 Ateius
I.Atteius Philologus, a distinguished rhetorician and grammarian, friend of Sallust and Asinius Pollio, Suet. Gram. 7 and 10; Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 601; 1, 273; 5, 45; Fest. pp. 179, 182, 187, 248 al.; Charis. p. 102 P.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 523; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 207, 1; also an historian, Suet. Gram. 10; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 285.—II.Atteius Capito, a contemporary of Augustus and Tiberius, Suet. Gram. 10 and 22; Fest. pp. 176, 208, 227, 234 al.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 528; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 260, 3; he was also the founder of a distinguished law-school, and adversary of Antistius Labeo, Tac. A. 3, 75; Gell. 1, 12, 8; 2, 24, 2; 4, 14, 1 al., cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 553; Hugo, Rechtsgeschichte, p. 868; Zimmern, Rechtsgeschichte, l. p. 305 sq. -
17 Athenaeus
1.Ăthēnaeus, a, um, adj., = Athênaios.I.Pertaining to the city of Athens, Athenian, of Athens:II.Athenaeis in moenibus,
Lucr. 6, 749; Plin. 1 in indic. lib. 8, 11, and 12 al.—Of or pertaining to Athene ( Minerva): Ăthēnaeum, i, n., = Athênaion, a temple of Minerva at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works (as the Rom. poets in the temple of Apollo at Rome; cf.2.aedes, I.),
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 35; a similar building for the same object, built by the emperor Adrian at Rome, Aur. Vict. Caes. 14.Ăthēnaeus, i, m., = Athênaios, a Greek grammarian of Naucratis, in the time of the emperor M. Aurelius, author of the compilation entitled Deipnosophistai. -
18 Atteius
I.Atteius Philologus, a distinguished rhetorician and grammarian, friend of Sallust and Asinius Pollio, Suet. Gram. 7 and 10; Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 601; 1, 273; 5, 45; Fest. pp. 179, 182, 187, 248 al.; Charis. p. 102 P.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 523; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 207, 1; also an historian, Suet. Gram. 10; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 285.—II.Atteius Capito, a contemporary of Augustus and Tiberius, Suet. Gram. 10 and 22; Fest. pp. 176, 208, 227, 234 al.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 528; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 260, 3; he was also the founder of a distinguished law-school, and adversary of Antistius Labeo, Tac. A. 3, 75; Gell. 1, 12, 8; 2, 24, 2; 4, 14, 1 al., cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 553; Hugo, Rechtsgeschichte, p. 868; Zimmern, Rechtsgeschichte, l. p. 305 sq. -
19 Ausonius
Ausŏnĭus, ii, m.; Decimus Magnus Ausonius, a distinguished poet, rhetorician, and grammarian of the fourth century, teacher of the emperor Gratian; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 227 sq.; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 414. -
20 Callimachius
Callĭmăchus, i, m., = Kallimachos.1.A distinguished Greek poet and grammarian of Cyrene (hence Battiades; v. Battus, I. b.) who lived in Alexandria in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, B. C. 250, Quint. 10, 1, 58; Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; 1, 39, 93; id. de Or. 3, 33, 32; Ov. R. Am. 759; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 100; Prop. 2, 1, 40; Ov. P. 4, 16, 32.—Hence, Callĭmăchīus, a, um, adj.:2.metrum,
i. e. a choriambic tetrameter and an amphibrach, Serv. Centim. p. 1823 P.—A celebrated sculptor, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 92.—3.A physician, Plin. 21, 3, 9, § 12.► Apollas Callimachus, in Quint.11, 2, 14, is yet unexplained; v. Spald. in h. l.
См. также в других словарях:
grammarian — student of or writer on (Latin) grammar; philologist, etymologist; in general use, learned man, late 14c., from O.Fr. gramairien (Mod.Fr. grammairien) grammarian, wise man, person who knows Latin; magician, agent noun from grammaire (see GRAMMAR… … Etymology dictionary
Grammarian — Gram*ma ri*an, n. [Cf. F. grammairien.] 1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist. [1913 Webster] Note: The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
grammarian — [grə mer′ē ən] n. [ME gramarian < MFr gramarien] a specialist or expert in grammar … English World dictionary
grammarian — UK [ɡrəˈmeərɪən] / US [ɡrəˈmerɪən] noun [countable] Word forms grammarian : singular grammarian plural grammarians an expert in the study of grammar … English dictionary
grammarian — [[t]grəme͟əriən[/t]] grammarians N COUNT A grammarian is someone who studies the grammar of a language and writes books about it or teaches it … English dictionary
grammarian — noun see grammar … New Collegiate Dictionary
grammarian — /greuh mair ee euhn/, n. 1. a specialist or expert in grammar. 2. a person who claims to establish or is reputed to have established standards of usage in a language. [1350 1400; ME gramarien < OF gramairien. See GRAMMAR, IAN] * * * … Universalium
grammarian — noun /ɡrəˈmɛərɪən/ a person who studies grammar … Wiktionary
grammarian — Synonyms and related words: dialectician, etymologer, etymologist, glossarist, glossographer, grammaticaster, grammatist, lexicographer, lexicologist, linguist, linguistic scholar, linguistic scientist, linguistician, orthoepist, paleographer,… … Moby Thesaurus
grammarian — (Roget s IV) n. Syn. linguist, philologist, grammatist, rhetorician; see linguist 1 … English dictionary for students
grammarian — gram|mar|i|an [grəˈmeəriən US ˈmer ] n someone who studies and knows about grammar … Dictionary of contemporary English